**This Powerpoint specifically uses the Cambridge AS Level Biology Syllabus and covers all criteria for – Unit 19.1 Principles of genetic technology
**
Students will be able to -

1 define the term recombinant DNA

2 explain that genetic engineering is the deliberate manipulation
of genetic material to modify specific characteristics of an
organism and that this may involve transferring a gene into an
organism so that the gene is expressed

3 explain that genes to be transferred into an organism may be:
• extracted from the DNA of a donor organism
• synthesised from the mRNA of a donor organism
• synthesised chemically from nucleotides

4 explain the roles of restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase,
plasmids, DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase in the
transfer of a gene into an organism

5 explain why a promoter may have to be transferred into an
organism as well as the desired gene

6 explain how gene expression may be confirmed by the use of
marker genes coding for fluorescent products

7 explain that gene editing is a form of genetic engineering
involving the insertion, deletion or replacement of DNA at
specific sites in the genome

8 describe and explain the steps involved in the polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) to clone and amplify DNA, including the
role of Taq polymerase

9 describe and explain how gel electrophoresis is used to
separate DNA fragments of different lengths

10 outline how microarrays are used in the analysis of genomes
and in detecting mRNA in studies of gene expression

11 outline the benefits of using databases that provide
information about nucleotide sequences of genes and
genomes, and amino acid sequences of proteins and protein
structures

**Every Powerpoint includes learning objectives, a starter and plenary, suitable activities and review questions with mark scheme. We also provide a FREE pdf version of the file so it can easily be printed for students as a handout or uploaded to the school VLE system
**
Bring your Cambridge AS Level Biology lessons to life with our expertly designed teaching resources. Each unit is tailored to the latest syllabus, offering ready-to-use lesson plans, engaging experiments, and visually clear notes that save hours of prep time. Whether you’re new to the course or refining your approach, The Science Shelf gives you everything you need to boost student understanding and exam success — all in one place.