This KS3 lesson explores the dramatic and controversial impact of the British Empire in China, focusing on the Opium Wars and the long-term effects of British rule in Hong Kong. Students will learn about Britain’s trade ambitions, the illegal opium trade, the Treaty of Nanjing, and the political and economic changes that followed.

Pupils will critically examine how Britain used military and economic power to force trade with China and ask: did Hong Kong truly benefit from British rule? Using structured activities, discussion prompts, and source analysis, this lesson builds historical thinking, empathy, and debate skills.

Looking for more? Explore my full British Empire series, including India, the Caribbean, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand—available in my TES shop now!