Focus points
• What were the long-term consequences of the Treaty of Versailles?
• What were the consequences of the failures of the League of Nations in the 1930s?
• Was the policy of appeasement justified?
• How important was the Nazi–Soviet Pact?
• Why did Britain and France declare war on Germany in September 1939?

Specified content
• Hitler’s foreign policy aims
• Rearmament
• The Saar
• Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
• The Rome–Berlin Axis and the Anti-Comintern Pact
• German and Italian involvement in the Spanish Civil War
• Anschluss with Austria
• The crisis over Czechoslovakia and the Munich Agreement
• The Polish crisis and the outbreak of war