Ibn Haytham, also known as Alhazen, was a pioneering Arab scientist and mathematician from the 10th century, widely regarded as the “father of optics” for his groundbreaking work on vision, light, and reflection. His most famous work, Kitab al-Manazir (Book of Optics), laid the foundations for modern optics and introduced the scientific method, combining experimentation and observation to test hypotheses. Ibn Haytham’s discoveries about how light travels and how we perceive images influenced both medieval and Renaissance science, shaping our understanding of physics, mathematics, and astronomy.