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IB DP Theory of Knowledge (TOK): Game vs. Sport & Wittgenstein – Full Lesson 2026

IB DP Theory of Knowledge (TOK): Game vs. Sport & Wittgenstein – Full Lesson 2026

Age range: 16+

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

8 April 2026

zip, 70.01 KB
zip, 70.01 KB

This fully scripted 60-minute IB DP Theory of Knowledge (TOK) lesson introduces students to Wittgenstein’s idea of family resemblance through the question: What do all games have in common? The lesson begins with a simple debate about whether chess is a sport, then uses that discussion to explore why some concepts are difficult to define using fixed rules or necessary conditions.

Students first try to define the word game for themselves, then test those definitions against counterexamples. They quickly see that ideas such as competition, rules, winners, or physical effort do not work in every case. This leads into Wittgenstein’s argument that some concepts do not have a single essence, but are held together by overlapping similarities.

The lesson includes two main activities. In Activity 1, students use sorting cards to classify 16 examples into game, sport, both, or neither. These include chess, football, poker, ballet, competitive eating, e-sports, surfing, and solitaire. In Activity 2, students complete a feature matrix comparing different activities across features such as rules, winner or loser, physical skill, mental skill, scoring, competition, and spectators. This helps them see that no single feature applies neatly to every case.

The resource includes:
A full teacher walkthrough, sorting cards, and the feature matrix worksheet. It also ends with TOK knowledge questions and an exit ticket that help students apply the idea of family resemblance to other concepts such as knowledge, science, art, or classification in different Areas of Knowledge.

This resource is useful for TOK lessons on knowledge and language, classification, definitions, and how communities decide where concepts begin and end. It also works well as a discussion-based lesson with links to TOK Exhibition ideas and essay-style thinking.

Get this resource as part of a bundle and save up to 10%

A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place.

Bundle

IB DP Theory of Knowledge (TOK): 20 Lesson Bundle Part 1 for 2-Year Course 2026

This bundle contains 20 lessons for the IB DP Theory of Knowledge course and forms Part 1 of a two-part bundle designed to support the full two-year TOK course. The lessons are arranged in one possible teaching sequence, but they can also be used individually. It is suitable for teachers who need a ready-made TOK lesson, an activity to fill a gap, or something practical to use at short notice. The sequence begins by building the basic conceptual tools students need before moving into Areas of Knowledge. The opening lessons focus on the course introduction, positionality and perspective, Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, and Justified True Belief. From there, the bundle develops core TOK ideas such as truth, evidence, certainty, rationalism vs empiricism, interpretation, and power. The next section covers key Ways of Knowing, including sense perception, reason and logic, logical fallacies, and intuition. After that, the bundle includes a set of lessons for the Language optional theme, including the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, connotation and framing, naming and power, and a Wittgenstein language games activity. The final lessons introduce the Natural Sciences Area of Knowledge through the scientific method and the distinction between models, theories, and laws. Included lessons: TOK Introduction Positionality and Perspective Plato’s Allegory of the Cave and the Nature of Knowledge Justified True Belief What is Truth Show Me the Evidence How Certain Are You Descartes vs Locke Interpretation Power, Gatekeeping and Knowledge Sense Perception and Reality The Structure of Reason, the Problem of Induction, and the Limits of Logic Logical Fallacies Intuition Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Connotation, Framing and Spin Naming the Middle East Game vs Sport — a Wittgenstein Activity How Science Produces Knowledge Models, Theories and Laws Each lesson includes teacher notes, student-facing materials, discussion questions, and at least one activity. Suitable for Grade 11 students beginning the IB DP TOK course and aligned with the current IB TOK guide. Part 2 continues the course with the next set of lessons for the second stage of the two-year programme.

£72.00

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