This lesson guides learners through the complete life cycle of stars, from their formation in nebulae to their final states as white dwarfs, neutron stars or black holes. It builds directly on prior learning about the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram and emphasises the central idea that a star’s initial mass determines its temperature, luminosity, lifetime and eventual fate. Use questioning, discussion, physical modelling and comparison tasks to check understanding throughout. Encourage learners to explain each stage using the balance between gravity, pressure and nuclear fusion, and finish by linking stellar nucleosynthesis to the origin of the elements found on Earth.